Alcoholism: Signs, Causes, and Recovery

Alcoholism, also known as “alcohol dependence,” is an obsessive craving to consume alcohol. Alcohol abuse, at one time, was viewed primarily as a moral problem. Today, most medical researchers view alcoholism as a disease that activates obsessive-compulsive neural behavior.

Statistic: According to 2024 federal data, less than a third of all people with alcohol problems receive treatment for their addiction, and 18 million Americans have an alcohol abuse disorder. Not only is alcoholism chronic, but it’s also deadly. In the United States alone, an estimated 95,000 people (approximately 68,000 men and 27,000 women) die from alcohol-related causes annually.

This article is designed to help people needing information on addiction understand the basics of alcoholism, its impact, and how to seek help.

What is Alcoholism?

Alcoholism, also called alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a medical condition where a person is unable to control their alcohol consumption despite the negative consequences it has on their life. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines AUD as a pattern of drinking that leads to significant impairment or distress.

It is more than just a bad habit—alcoholism is a medical condition that requires treatment.

Statistic: According to MedlinePlus over 18 million Americans have an alcohol use disorder.

Signs of Alcoholism

Not all alcohol abusers turn into Alcoholics

Notwithstanding, it has been shown that regular excessive drinking can be a significant sign and risk factor leading to alcoholism.

Periods of prolonged, legal trouble, financial hardship, and disabling health conditions lead to escalating levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, resulting in people seeking relief through the use of alcohol and other forms of drug abuse.

In alcoholism, regular use increases one’s tolerance and lowers the person’s ability to manage their drinking problem. Still, just as often, this habit arrives in late teens or early adulthood. It may develop slowly and then accelerate to the point of addiction turning into dangerously adverse mental and physical components.

Signs of daily use

Studies have shown that you substantially increase the risk of developing a true addiction to alcohol if you drink every day.

Here are some indicators:

If you answer “yes” to any of the below questions, it might suggest you have an alcohol problem. If you answered “yes” to more than one question, a drinking problem is likely to exist.

• Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?

• Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?

• Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?

• Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover (eye-opener)?

People who suffer from alcoholism may exhibit certain behaviors and physical symptoms.

Common signs of alcohol use disorder include:

• Binge drinking: Consuming five or more drinks in a short period.

• Heavy drinking: Drinking alcohol in large amounts regularly.

• Craving alcohol: Feeling a strong need to drink, even when it is harmful.

• Withdrawal symptoms: When someone stops drinking, they may experience nausea, sweating, or anxiety.

• Alcohol dependence: Needing to drink more alcohol to feel the same effects.

Risk of Early-Age Drinking: Starting to drink alcohol at an early age can increase the risk of developing alcohol use disorders later in life. While recognizing early signs is crucial, understanding the underlying root causes of addiction can provide helpful insight into why and how alcohol dependence developed.

What Causes Alcohol Addiction?

Emotional causes

There’s a common saying among groups of recovering addicts that addiction is primarily born from a desire not to feel one’s feelings.

Most people addicted to drugs and alcohol describe overwhelming anxiety or fear as part of their earliest childhood memories.

The ability to calm or manage these intense emotions seems impossible, that is until the person uses alcohol or drugs for the first time. Then, a sense of ease, comfort, and relief radiates deep inside them. The user has discovered an easy escape from all those painful feelings. It does not take long until the person believes they are insulated from those painful feelings of loneliness, fear, and self-hate.

Recognizing the illusion means confronting the challenge

The illusion for the addict is that they have found a solution to all their pain. The challenge comes when they realize that being free of their addiction means learning how to process the emotions life brings our way daily.

It’s hard to overstate how paralyzing emotional processing can be for people who have not truly experienced the full extent of the emotional trauma since childhood.

Once addicted, sitting with uncomfortable feelings like fear or anxiety and not using alcohol to manage or numb those feelings can be terrifying. This is particularly true for addicts who are considering entering into an addiction recovery program.

Transformational Experience

Most recovering addicts realize that it’s not only the negative emotions they have been numbing for years but also the positive ones.

The realization recovering addicts learn is that life is about balance and that we cannot expect to experience feelings of joy and happiness without also experiencing things like fear, anxiety, or loss.

Successfully going through the torture of addiction and the relief and bliss in recovery is why so many addicts describe the process of becoming sober as being reborn.

So strong are these feelings of transformation that people in recovery often exchange their sobriety date for their birthday in terms of personal importance.

Is alcoholism genetic?

The genetics factor is one causative explanation for why alcoholism tends to run in families. Other contributing factors include a person’s early childhood development and home environment.

If one or both parents have used alcohol to manage their emotions, this behavior is often learned by the children as a way of dealing with stress and anxiety. There are support groups, like adult children of alcoholics, that meet, share, and support others who have also grown up with dysfunctional and alcoholic parents.

Dealing with stress and anxiety is part of life. One’s family and work environment have proven to be major factors. Whether it’s the pressure caused by money trouble, facing the prospect of divorce, or job burnout, the ability to easily obtain alcohol only contributes to the alcoholic dilemma.

The Impact of Alcoholism on Health

Alcoholism can cause severe damage to both physical and mental health.

Some of the most common health problems associated with excessive alcohol use include:

• Liver disease: Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

• Heart problems: Heavy alcohol drinkers are at an increased risk of developing heart diseases.

• Breast cancer: Women who consume excessive alcohol have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

• Mental health disorders: Alcohol misuse can worsen existing mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety.

• Intoxicated Thinking: Intoxication impairs judgment, coordination, and decision-making.

• Substance use disorders: People with AUD often struggle with other substance use disorders, such as drug abuse.

The Dangers of Driving While Intoxicated

One critical factor in understanding drunk driving cases is the driver’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level at the time of the alleged impaired driving.

BAC measures the amount of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream and is used by forensic experts to extrapolate levels of impairment at the time the defendant was driving.

The three major tests law enforcement uses to measure a driver’s blood alcohol level are:

Breath Test: Having the defendant blow into a breathalyzer

Urine Test: Having the defendant submit a urine sample

Blood Test: Having the defendant’s blood drawn

It is established by toxicologists that the higher the BAC level, the greater the level of cognitive and physical impairment the driver will experience while operating a motor vehicle and the higher the probability of causing a traffic accident.

Addiction To Alcohol Leads To Legal Trouble. Excessive alcohol use also puts you at a higher risk of losing your job or being arrested and jailed for a drunk driving accident. A crime that if found guilty for the reckless taking of the life of another can result in conviction for manslaughter. An offense that can land you in prison for years.

Statistic: Alcohol-Related Deaths: In the U.S., an estimated 95,000 people die each year from alcohol-related causes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Treatment and Recovery Options for Alcoholism

Alcohol abuse is a disease that is said to be treatable through counseling, therapy, and medication.

It is said that medication can aid one in avoiding relapse. However, relapse still occurs in a significant portion of this type of patient population.

There is no single medication for curing alcoholism.

Alcohol use disorders can be managed through mental health services and specialized programs, such as:

Detoxification: Detox is the first step for many people trying to stop drinking. It helps manage alcohol withdrawal symptoms and prepares individuals for further treatment.

Inpatient and Outpatient Programs: Treatment centers offer inpatient (live-in) and outpatient programs where individuals receive therapy and support outside their residence.

Medication Therapy: Certain medications can help manage withdrawal symptoms. Medications, such as naltrexone and acamprosate, have been reported to reduce cravings for alcohol by manipulating the brain’s chemistry. However, recently, researchers have questioned their efficacy. The most commonly used medications for withdrawal have been tranquilizers called benzodiazepines, such as Valium and Xanax, which are claimed to aid patients during the withdrawal period, but are themselves addictive.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps people identify and change negative thought patterns that contribute to impulsive drinking behavior.

Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

When a person who is dependent on alcohol suddenly stops drinking, they may experience withdrawal symptoms.

These symptoms can range from mild to severe and include:

• Nausea and vomiting

• Sweating and shaking

• Anxiety and irritability

• Seizures

• Intense Alcohol Cravings

Seeking medical assistance during the withdrawal process is crucial to avoid complications. Mental health services administration and medical treatment are available to help individuals safely manage withdrawal symptoms.

Breaking the Cycle of Alcoholism

Recovery from alcoholism is possible, but it requires determination, support, and the right treatment.

Some effective ways to begin the recovery process include:

1. Seeking Professional Help: Professionals can offer behavioral therapies and alcohol treatment options, such as counseling or medication.
2. Support Groups: Groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other support groups provide a sense of community and accountability.
3. Behavioral Counseling Interventions: Behavioral counseling interventions can help individuals change their drinking behavior and develop healthier coping strategies.

Preventing Relapse and Building a Sober Life

After going through treatment, staying sober can be challenging. However, there are several strategies to prevent relapse and maintain a healthy lifestyle:

• Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding situations, people, or places that may lead to drinking can help prevent relapse.

• Developing Healthy Routines: Engaging in new activities, such as exercise or hobbies, can distract from the urge to drink.

• Ongoing Support: Staying connected with support groups, rehab meetings, and continuing therapy can provide the emotional strength needed to stay sober.

Building a Positive Future

Recovery is more than just stopping alcohol consumption; it’s about rebuilding a life that fosters personal growth, health, and well-being.

Building a positive future involves:

• Encouraging Personal Growth and Resilience: Learning new skills, setting personal goals, and becoming more self-aware can help individuals build resilience during recovery.

• Rebuilding Relationships: Repairing relationships with loved ones affected by alcohol problems is an essential step in healing. Family history and past behavior should not define the future.

• Finding Joy in Sobriety: Many people find a renewed sense of purpose and joy in life once they have stopped drinking. They learn to appreciate life without relying on alcohol.

As you explore recovery options, it’s important to know that many public financial resources are available to make treatment accessible to everyone.

Cost of Treatment: How to Make Recovery Accessible

Costs of inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation

An estimated cost range for inpatient care can run from $2,000 to $20,000 for a 30-day program. Outpatient care can range from free to $10,000, and detox can range from $300 to $1,000 a day.

Different rehabilitation programs accept different types of insurance. Insurance plans differ from one plan to another and cover different percentages of the recovery treatment.

The cost of a rehabilitation program depends on several factors, such as the type of treatment you choose and the length of your stay.

Group insurance plans

Group insurance plans include coverage for drug and alcohol treatment and rehabilitation. The passage of the Federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act mandates that health insurance companies provide some degree of alcohol and drug addiction treatment as a component of their group insurance plans. Some insurance companies have more fully complied with this law than others.

Some insurance companies now include alcohol treatment in their insurance plans.

Affordable Care Act

Mental health, including substance abuse disorders (drug and alcohol), is covered by Obama Care. These services include treatments such as psychotherapy and counseling. They also include mental and behavioral health inpatient services and substance use disorder treatment.

Non-profit Rehabilitation Centers

Suppose big insurance company premiums are not available or affordable. In that case, non-profit rehabilitation services provide affordable treatment for the recovery process. Since the treatment option is categorized as a non-profit, it relies heavily on outside funding, including grants and donations.

The primary benefit of non-profit addiction treatment is its overall cost. However, the availability of such programs is quite limited, and finding one close to home can be difficult.

Alcoholic Anonymous

Since its beginnings in 1935, Alcoholics Anonymous has helped several million people transform their lives. The focus of AA is to create a secure environment that supports people who have taken the first step toward getting sober.

Meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous take place every day in communities around the world. AA is completely free of charge, existing on donations from members. If you desire to quit your alcohol abuse, you can become a member.

The AA’s journey for you or a loved one can begin with a phone call to your local AA service office.

Much of AA’s success is due to the effectiveness of the twelve-step program. Newcomers are not asked to accept the twelve-step program until they feel ready. They are only asked to attend the meetings with an open mind and heart.

Alcohol Treatment Centers

There are many types of treatment and rehabilitation centers available. All alcohol rehabilitation centers offer their treatment on a confidential basis.

Hazelden Betty Ford Center

It is one of the most well-respected treatment centers in the world. The Hazelden Betty Ford Center has been known for its successful treatment since its opening in October 1982.

The Caron Foundation

With locations throughout the United States, it is considered one of the finest non-profit providers of alcohol addiction treatment to tens of thousands of people each year, regardless of age.

Misconceptions About Alcoholism

Misconception: Alcoholism is a moral failing.

Reality: Alcoholism is a medical condition recognized as a chronic disease. It alters brain chemistry and behavior, requiring treatment, not moral judgment.

Misconception: You have to drink every day to be an alcoholic.

Reality: Alcoholism involves a loss of control over drinking. Some alcoholics repeatedly binge drink but still suffer from dependency and its negative consequences.

Misconception: You can’t be an alcoholic if you have a job and responsibilities.

Reality: Many high-functioning alcoholics maintain jobs and family life but still struggle with alcohol addiction and its impact on their health and relationships.

Fears Related to Alcoholism

Fear of withdrawal symptoms.

Reality: While withdrawal can be uncomfortable or even dangerous, medical detox programs help manage symptoms and provide support throughout the process.

Fear of social stigma and judgment.

Reality: Alcoholism is increasingly viewed as a treatable disease. Many communities and workplaces offer support, reducing stigma and encouraging recovery.

Fear of losing relationships if you stop drinking.

Reality: While some relationships may change, many loved ones will support sobriety, and recovery often leads to stronger, healthier relationships.

People Also Ask:

Is there a cure for alcoholism?

No. Recovering from alcoholism is an ongoing process. Recovery requires commitment, time, a support network, and a sincere desire to get well again.

How long does recovery take?

There is no set time for recovery from alcoholism. However, there are stages to the alcohol recovery process, and everyone’s recovery time is different.

Some experts believe that thirty days is the minimum amount of time needed to detox and make a beginning on treatment. Others believe a three-month period is the optimum length of stay to be most effective.

The one thing everyone agrees on, recovery will rarely be successful unless the Alcoholic possesses a fierce desire to stop drinking. This desire, however small at first, must be present in the person addicted to alcohol.

It will not be enough for family members or friends to want an alcoholic to get sober. The alcoholic person must have the desire to stop drinking.

Conclusion

Many people drink to escape emotions they find difficult to handle, like fear or anxiety. For these individuals, alcohol provides temporary relief, but over time, it becomes harder to face these feelings without drinking.

Recovery from alcoholism is a journey, but it is one that countless individuals have taken successfully. By seeking help, joining support groups, and using professional services, those struggling with alcoholism can regain control over their lives and build a healthier, happier future.

Whether it’s through mental health services administration or behavioral counseling interventions, help is available.

If you or a loved one is struggling with alcohol use disorder, take the first step today. Recovery is possible, and a brighter future is within reach.

Helpful Resources

If you’re ready to seek help, here are some resources:

• National Helpline for Substance Abuse: 1-800-662-HELP (4357).

• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

• SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)

Sources and References

Smart Recovery

Shatterproof

Verywell Mind On Alcohol Recovery

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)

USA.Gov Mental Health

National Institute of Health